The abuse of which common office supply substance can result in syncope and the EKG findings shown?
- Dust Off (difluoroethane)
- Elmer’s glue (polyvinyl acetate)
- Hand sanitizer (ethyl alcohol)
- Rubber cement (heptane, isopropyl alcohol)
This post has been peer-reviewed on behalf of ACMT by Dr Bryan Judge, Dr Louise Kao, and Dr Laura Tormoehlen
References
- Long H. Inhalants. In: Hoffman RS, Howland M, Lewin NA, Nelson LS, Goldfrank LR. eds. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2019.
- Tormoehlen LM, Tekulve KJ, Nañagas KA. Hydrocarbon toxicity: A review. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2014 Jun;52(5):479-89. doi:10.3109/15563650.2014.923904. Review. PubMed PMID: 24911841
- Vance C, Swalwell C, McIntyre IM. Deaths involving 1,1-difluoroethane at the San Diego County Medical Examiner. J Anal Toxicol. 2012 Nov-Dec;36(9):626-33. doi: 10.1093/jat/bks074. Epub 2012 Oct 3. PubMed PMID:23034927
- Kopec KT, Brent J, Banner W, Ruha AM, Leikin JB. Management of cardiac dysrhythmias following hydrocarbon abuse: clinical toxicology teaching case from NACCT acute and intensive care symposium. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2014 Feb;52(2):141-5. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.882001. Epub 2014 Jan 30. PubMed PMID: 24476044
- Mortiz F, de La Chapelle A, Bauer F, Leroy JP, Goullé JP, Bonmarchand G. Esmolol in the treatment of severe arrhythmia after acute trichloroethylene poisoning. Intensive Care Med. 2000 Feb;26(2):256. PubMed PMID: 10784325
- Nelson LS. Toxicologic myocardial sensitization. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40(7):867-79. Review. PubMed PMID: 12507056
- Himmel HM. Mechanisms involved in cardiac sensitization by volatile anesthetics: general applicability to halogenated hydrocarbons? Crit Rev Toxicol. 2008;38(9):773-803. doi: 10.1080/10408440802237664 . Review. PubMed PMID: 18941968
- Bass M. Sudden sniffing death. JAMA. 1970 Jun 22;212(12):2075-9. PubMed PMID: 5467774
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