The plant pictured is used as a tea, powder, or capsule by individuals looking to self-treat pain or opioid use disorder. Patients may develop nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, or other serious clinical effects after ingestion. What compound is contained in this plant?
- Arecoline from Areca catechu
- Kava lactone from Piper methysticum
- Mitragynine from Mitragyna speciosa
- Salvinorin from Salvia divinorum
This post has been peer-reviewed on behalf of ACMT by William Eggleston, Bryan Judge, and Louise Kao
References
- Rech MA, Donahey E, Cappiello Dziedzic JM, Oh L, Greenhalgh E. New drugs of abuse. Pharmacotherapy. 2015;35(2):189-197. doi:10.1002/phar.1522 PMID: 25471045
- Stolt AC, Schröder H, Neurath H, et al. Behavioral and neurochemical characterization of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) extract. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014;231(1):13-25. doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3201-y PMID: 23846544
- Fox LM. Plant- and Animal-Derived Dietary Supplements. In: Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. Nelson LW Howland MA Lewin NA eds; 11th edition 2019; McGraw Hill,
- Boyer EW, Babu KM, Adkins JE, McCurdy CR, Halpern JH. Self-treatment of opioid withdrawal using kratom (Mitragynia speciosa korth). Addiction. 2008;103(6):1048-1050. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02209.x PMID: 18482427
- Eggleston W, Stoppacher R, Suen K, Marraffa JM, Nelson LS. Kratom Use and Toxicities in the United States. Pharmacotherapy. 2019;39(7):775-777. doi:10.1002/phar.2280 PMID: 31099038
- Department of Justice/Drug Enforcement Administration Drug Fact Sheet: Kratom. Available at: https://www.dea.gov/factsheets/kratom, accessed August 24, 2020
- Swogger MT, Walsh Z. Kratom use and mental health: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;183:134-140. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.012 PMID: 29248691
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